Melachot Shabbat:
Definition of melacha: Creating Something
Translate each melacha:
1. הזורע
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Sowing (planting)
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2. והחורש
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Plowing
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3. והקוצר
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Harvesting(cutting, reaping)
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4. והמעמר
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Binding Sheaves
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5. והדש
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Threshing
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6. והזורה
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Winnowing
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7. הבורר
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Cleansing
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8. הטוחן
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Grinding
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9. והמרקד
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Sifting
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10. והלש
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Kneading
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11. והאופה
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Baking
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12. הגוזז את הצמר
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Shearing Wool
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13. המלבנו
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Washing
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14. והמנפצו
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Beating
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15. והצובעו
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Dying
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16. והטווה
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Spinning
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17. והמיסך
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Weaving
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18. והעושה שתי בתי נירין
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Making 2 letters
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19. והאורג שני חוטין
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Weaving 2 threads
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20. והפוצע שני חוטין
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Separating 2 threads
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21. הקושר
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Tying knots
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22. והמתיר
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Loosening
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23. והתופר שתי תפירות
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Sewing 2 stitches
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24. הקורע על מנת לתפור [שתי תפירות]
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Tearing to sow 2 stitches
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25. הצד צבי
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Hunting a deer
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26. השוחטו
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Slaughtering
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27. והמפשיטו
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Flaying it
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28. המולחו
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Salting it
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29. והמעבד את עורו
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Curing skin
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30. והממחקו
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Scraping
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31. והמחתכו
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Cutting it up
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32. הכותב שתי אותיות
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Writing 2 letters
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33. והמוחק על מנת לכתוב שתי אותיות
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Erasing in order to write 2 letters
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34. הבונה
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Building
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35. והסותר
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Demolish
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36. המכבה
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Extinguishing
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37. והמבעיר
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Kindling
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38. המכה בפטיש
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Striking with hammer (fixing)
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39. המוציא מרשות לרשות
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Carrying from one domain into another
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2. Divide the Melachot into 4 categories, name them and note the first and last from every category:
A. Process of making bread (1-11)
B. Making clothing from wool (12-24)
C. Creating parchment (25-31)
D. Miscellaneous (32-28)
3. Definition of אב: Category (father) of melachot done in mishcan
Definition of תולדה; Subcategory (son): they relate to אב but weren’t done in mishcan
4. Examples:
איזה מלאכה?
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אב תולדה או איסור דרבנן?
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Watering a plant
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Sowing plant/ הזורע
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תולדה
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Opening umbrella
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הבונה/building
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דרבנן
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Cleaning a stain on a shirt
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Washing/ המלבנו
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תולדה
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Killing a mosquito
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Slaughter/ השוחטו
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תולדה
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Heating soup on stove
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Baking/ והאופה
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תולדה/ לבשל אב
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Cutting nails
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Shearing / הגוזז את הצמר
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תולדה
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Writing one letter
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Writing/ כתוב
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דרבנן
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Turning on a light bulb, (flame)
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Kindling / והמבעיר
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אב
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Carrying when no Eruv
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Carrying (1 domain)/ המוציא מרשות לרשות
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אב
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Picking leaves from tree
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Harvesting/ והקוצר
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תולדה
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Pumping up a flat tire
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Fixing / המכה בפטיש
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תולדה
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Grinding garlic
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Grinding/ הטוחן
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תולדה
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When a Melacha is done, what is the condition that it becomes a Torah (Deoreita) violation? Use the exact term and explain it: מלאכה מחשבIt's a planned melacha'
Explain each term, and note if a Melacha is done this way is it a Deoreita/ Derabanan / nothing:
שינוי:
Doing a melacha in a weird way, Derabanan ,(key in sock)
שוגג:
,Derabanan Mistake),מלאכה מחשב, Forgetting Shabbos and turn light on(
מתעסק:
,accidental (not realizing)Neither ,derabanan or deorita
מלאכה שאינה צריכה לגופה:
doingmelacha not for normal purpose (turn on light to attract bugs), Derabanan
Explain the following term, and how it influences this topic:
פסיק רישא:
Story: child separates a chicken’s head, known result of doing something that’s allowed but has a side effect that you know of (open fridge with light on that you know of)
Give an example of a case when we would use one of these options purposely: for someone who is sick but not in deathly situation: שינוי:(allowed Derabanan)
Bishul:
Definition of cooking: Preparing food from nonedible to edible with heat (and wanted format)
How cooked does something need to get in order for it to be considered cooked and a violation of Shabbat? What is the term used for this? 1/3rd of way, בן דורסאי (robber dude)
What can or cannot be warmed up on Shabbat after being fully cooked, if it is now cold? Dry food can be recooked Ex. Dry schnitzel, beef, chicken, potato kugel) אין בישול אחר בישול
Can’t: wet things, Ex: soup, gravy, liquids
What is needed to do with the Blech when you want to warm something up? : Relate to the following:
Problem 1: שמא יחתה: play with (you might change temperature)
Solution to problem 1: Cover knobs, remove knobs, or face blech towards wall
Problem 2: it looks like you may be breaking Shabas, מיחזי כמרשל
Solution to problem 2 - describe two opinions: clarify that it’s shabbastic, or cover flame ( rav moshe Feinstein) (rav adia yosef says it’s already shabbastic)
How hot does water need to be in order to cook something: יד סולודת בוּ (113 degrees Fahrenheit) too hot for hand
What is the difference betweenכלי ראשון and כלי שני?
כלי ראשון: Urn- where water boiled
כלי שני: next cup, (no time to cook)- not hot, cools faster
When is a כלי שלישי needed? Minor difference between כלי שני and כלי שלישי
ספּק קלי הבישול (in macklokets between the things that cook fast)
פיקוח נפש
What is allowed to be done in a life threatening situation? Any shabat related melachot, even torah
Who can do it? Preferably rabbi’s but anybody
Explain:
חולה שיש בו סכנה: _sick with (life threatening) danger
חולה שאין בו סכנה: _sick without danger (indirect danger)
What is allowed for that case? Any derabanan (שינוי)
גזרת תרופות: No pills (derabanan) we are afraid that people will grind up their own pills
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